{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "org.apache.karaf:org.apache.karaf.instance.core",
          "product": "Apache Karaf",
          "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.4.12",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "n0mi1k <nomilksec@gmail.com>"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (<code>InstanceServiceImpl</code>) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through&nbsp;<code>/bin/sh&nbsp;</code>(Unix) or&nbsp;<code>cscript</code>&nbsp;(Windows). The caller-supplied&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (<code>;</code>,&nbsp;<code>|</code>,&nbsp;<code>`</code>,&nbsp;<code>$(...)</code>) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.<div><br></div><div>Reachable via the shell commands&nbsp;<code>instance:create</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:start</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:restart</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:change-opts</code>, and the equivalent&nbsp;<code>InstanceMBean</code>&nbsp;JMX operations (<code>createInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>startInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>changeJavaOpts</code>,&nbsp;<code>cloneInstance</code>).</div><h3>Mitigation&nbsp;</h3><div><ul><li>Set&nbsp;<code>karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin</code>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<code>etc/system.properties</code>&nbsp;to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.</li><li>Restrict which principals can reach&nbsp;<code>instance:*</code>&nbsp;commands and&nbsp;<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;via&nbsp;<code>etc/users.properties</code>&nbsp;role assignments.</li><li>Treat&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;passed to i<code>nstance:create</code>/<code>instance:start</code>/<code>instance:change-opts</code>/<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.</li></ul></div><div><br></div>"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through\u00a0/bin/sh\u00a0(Unix) or\u00a0cscript\u00a0(Windows). The caller-supplied\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;,\u00a0|,\u00a0`,\u00a0$(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands\u00a0instance:create,\u00a0instance:start,\u00a0instance:restart,\u00a0instance:change-opts, and the equivalent\u00a0InstanceMBean\u00a0JMX operations (createInstance,\u00a0startInstance,\u00a0changeJavaOpts,\u00a0cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation\u00a0  *  Set\u00a0karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin\u00a0in\u00a0etc/system.properties\u00a0to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach\u00a0instance:*\u00a0commands and\u00a0InstancesMBean\u00a0via\u00a0etc/users.properties\u00a0role assignments.\n  *  Treat\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean\u00a0as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "text": "moderate"
            },
            "type": "Textual description of severity"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "https://karaf.apache.org/security/cve-2026-91006.txt",
        "defect": [
          "https://github.com/apache/karaf/pull/2878"
        ],
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.3"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-91006",
    "serial": 1,
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.0"
}